Datatype: rdf:PlainLiteral
Usage (604)
- 'located in' Domain 'independent continuant'
- 'editor note' "This is redundant with the more specific 'independent and not spatial region' constraint. We leave in the redundant axiom for use with reasoners that do not use negation."
- 'located in' Range 'independent continuant'
- 'editor note' "This is redundant with the more specific 'independent and not spatial region' constraint. We leave in the redundant axiom for use with reasoners that do not use negation."
- entity 'BFO OWL specification label' "entity"
- entity 'BFO CLIF specification label' "Entity"
- entity 'example of usage' "Julius Caesar" @en
- entity 'example of usage' "Verdi’s Requiem" @en
- entity 'example of usage' "the Second World War" @en
- entity 'example of usage' "your body mass index" @en
- entity 'editor note' "BFO 2 Reference: In all areas of empirical inquiry we encounter general terms of two sorts. First are general terms which refer to universals or types:animaltuberculosissurgical procedurediseaseSecond, are general terms used to refer to groups of entities which instantiate a given universal but do not correspond to the extension of any subuniversal of that universal because there is nothing intrinsic to the entities in question by virtue of which they – and only they – are counted as belonging to the given group. Examples are: animal purchased by the Emperortuberculosis diagnosed on a Wednesdaysurgical procedure performed on a patient from Stockholmperson identified as candidate for clinical trial #2056-555person who is signatory of Form 656-PPVpainting by Leonardo da VinciSuch terms, which represent what are called ‘specializations’ in [81" @en
- entity 'editor note' "Entity doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. For example Werner Ceusters 'portions of reality' include 4 sorts, entities (as BFO construes them), universals, configurations, and relations. It is an open question as to whether entities as construed in BFO will at some point also include these other portions of reality. See, for example, 'How to track absolutely everything' at http://www.referent-tracking.com/_RTU/papers/CeustersICbookRevised.pdf" @en
- entity elucidation "An entity is anything that exists or has existed or will exist. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [001-001])" @en
- entity rdfs:label "entity" @en
- continuant 'BFO OWL specification label' "continuant"
- continuant 'BFO CLIF specification label' "Continuant"
- continuant definition "An entity that exists in full at any time in which it exists at all, persists through time while maintaining its identity and has no temporal parts." @en
- continuant 'editor note' "BFO 2 Reference: Continuant entities are entities which can be sliced to yield parts only along the spatial dimension, yielding for example the parts of your table which we call its legs, its top, its nails. ‘My desk stretches from the window to the door. It has spatial parts, and can be sliced (in space) in two. With respect to time, however, a thing is a continuant.’ [60, p. 240" @en
- continuant 'editor note' "Continuant doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. For example, in an expansion involving bringing in some of Ceuster's other portions of reality, questions are raised as to whether universals are continuants" @en
- continuant elucidation "A continuant is an entity that persists, endures, or continues to exist through time while maintaining its identity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [008-002])" @en
- continuant 'has associated axiom(nl)' "if b is a continuant and if, for some t, c has_continuant_part b at t, then c is a continuant. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [126-001])" @en
- continuant 'has associated axiom(nl)' "if b is a continuant and if, for some t, cis continuant_part of b at t, then c is a continuant. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [009-002])" @en
- continuant 'has associated axiom(nl)' "if b is a material entity, then there is some temporal interval (referred to below as a one-dimensional temporal region) during which b exists. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [011-002])" @en
- continuant 'has associated axiom(fol)' "(forall (x y) (if (and (Continuant x) (exists (t) (continuantPartOfAt y x t))) (Continuant y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [009-002] "
- continuant 'has associated axiom(fol)' "(forall (x y) (if (and (Continuant x) (exists (t) (hasContinuantPartOfAt y x t))) (Continuant y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [126-001] "
- continuant 'has associated axiom(fol)' "(forall (x) (if (Continuant x) (Entity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [008-002] "
- continuant 'has associated axiom(fol)' "(forall (x) (if (Material Entity x) (exists (t) (and (TemporalRegion t) (existsAt x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [011-002] "
- continuant rdfs:label "continuant" @en
- occurrent 'BFO OWL specification label' "occurrent"
- occurrent 'BFO CLIF specification label' "Occurrent"
- occurrent definition "An entity that has temporal parts and that happens, unfolds or develops through time." @en
- occurrent 'editor note' "BFO 2 Reference: every occurrent that is not a temporal or spatiotemporal region is s-dependent on some independent continuant that is not a spatial region" @en
- occurrent 'editor note' "BFO 2 Reference: s-dependence obtains between every process and its participants in the sense that, as a matter of necessity, this process could not have existed unless these or those participants existed also. A process may have a succession of participants at different phases of its unfolding. Thus there may be different players on the field at different times during the course of a football game; but the process which is the entire game s-depends_on all of these players nonetheless. Some temporal parts of this process will s-depend_on on only some of the players." @en
- occurrent 'editor note' "Occurrent doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. An example would be the sum of a process and the process boundary of another process." @en
- occurrent 'editor note' "Simons uses different terminology for relations of occurrents to regions: Denote the spatio-temporal location of a given occurrent e by 'spn[e]' and call this region its span. We may say an occurrent is at its span, in any larger region, and covers any smaller region. Now suppose we have fixed a frame of reference so that we can speak not merely of spatio-temporal but also of spatial regions (places) and temporal regions (times). The spread of an occurrent, (relative to a frame of reference) is the space it exactly occupies, and its spell is likewise the time it exactly occupies. We write 'spr[e]' and `spl[e]' respectively for the spread and spell of e, omitting mention of the frame."
- occurrent elucidation "An occurrent is an entity that unfolds itself in time or it is the instantaneous boundary of such an entity (for example a beginning or an ending) or it is a temporal or spatiotemporal region which such an entity occupies_temporal_region or occupies_spatiotemporal_region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [077-002])" @en
- occurrent 'has associated axiom(nl)' "Every occurrent occupies_spatiotemporal_region some spatiotemporal region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [108-001])" @en
- occurrent 'has associated axiom(nl)' "b is an occurrent entity iff b is an entity that has temporal parts. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [079-001])" @en
- occurrent 'has associated axiom(fol)' "(forall (x) (if (Occurrent x) (exists (r) (and (SpatioTemporalRegion r) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion x r))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [108-001] "
- occurrent 'has associated axiom(fol)' "(forall (x) (iff (Occurrent x) (and (Entity x) (exists (y) (temporalPartOf y x))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [079-001] "
- occurrent rdfs:label "occurrent" @en
- 'independent continuant' 'BFO OWL specification label' "ic"
- 'independent continuant' 'BFO CLIF specification label' "IndependentContinuant"
- 'independent continuant' 'example of usage' "a chair" @en
- 'independent continuant' 'example of usage' "a heart" @en
- 'independent continuant' 'example of usage' "a leg" @en
- 'independent continuant' 'example of usage' "a molecule" @en
- 'independent continuant' 'example of usage' "a spatial region" @en
- 'independent continuant' 'example of usage' "an atom" @en
- 'independent continuant' 'example of usage' "an orchestra." @en
- 'independent continuant' 'example of usage' "an organism" @en
- 'independent continuant' 'example of usage' "the bottom right portion of a human torso" @en
- 'independent continuant' 'example of usage' "the interior of your mouth" @en
- 'independent continuant' definition "A continuant that is a bearer of quality and realizable entity entities, in which other entities inhere and which itself cannot inhere in anything." @en
- 'independent continuant' definition "b is an independent continuant = Def. b is a continuant which is such that there is no c and no t such that b s-depends_on c at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [017-002])" @en
- 'independent continuant' 'has associated axiom(nl)' "For any independent continuant b and any time t there is some spatial region r such that b is located_in r at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [134-001])" @en
- 'independent continuant' 'has associated axiom(nl)' "For every independent continuant b and time t during the region of time spanned by its life, there are entities which s-depends_on b during t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [018-002])" @en
- 'independent continuant' 'has associated axiom(fol)' "(forall (x t) (if (IndependentContinuant x) (exists (r) (and (SpatialRegion r) (locatedInAt x r t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [134-001] "
- 'independent continuant' 'has associated axiom(fol)' "(forall (x t) (if (and (IndependentContinuant x) (existsAt x t)) (exists (y) (and (Entity y) (specificallyDependsOnAt y x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [018-002] "
- 'independent continuant' 'has associated axiom(fol)' "(iff (IndependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (not (exists (b t) (specificallyDependsOnAt a b t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [017-002] "
- 'independent continuant' rdfs:label "independent continuant" @en
- 'obsolete dependent continuant' definition "A continuant that is either dependent on one or other independent continuant bearers or inheres in or is borne by other entities." @en
- 'obsolete dependent continuant' rdfs:label "obsolete dependent continuant" @en
- 'spatial region' 'BFO OWL specification label' "s-region"
- 'spatial region' 'BFO CLIF specification label' "SpatialRegion"
- 'spatial region' 'editor note' "BFO 2 Reference: Spatial regions do not participate in processes." @en
- 'spatial region' 'editor note' "Spatial region doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't exhaust all possibilites. An example would be the union of a spatial point and a spatial line that doesn't overlap the point, or two spatial lines that intersect at a single point. In both cases the resultant spatial region is neither 0-dimensional, 1-dimensional, 2-dimensional, or 3-dimensional." @en
- 'spatial region' elucidation "A spatial region is a continuant entity that is a continuant_part_of spaceR as defined relative to some frame R. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [035-001])" @en
- 'spatial region' 'has associated axiom(nl)' "All continuant parts of spatial regions are spatial regions. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [036-001])" @en
- 'spatial region' 'has associated axiom(fol)' "(forall (x y t) (if (and (SpatialRegion x) (continuantPartOfAt y x t)) (SpatialRegion y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [036-001] "
- 'spatial region' 'has associated axiom(fol)' "(forall (x) (if (SpatialRegion x) (Continuant x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [035-001] "
- 'spatial region' rdfs:label "spatial region" @en
- 'temporal region' 'BFO OWL specification label' "t-region"
- 'temporal region' 'BFO CLIF specification label' "TemporalRegion"
- 'temporal region' 'editor note' "Temporal region doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't exhaust all possibilites. An example would be the mereological sum of a temporal instant and a temporal interval that doesn't overlap the instant. In this case the resultant temporal region is neither 0-dimensional nor 1-dimensional" @en
- 'temporal region' elucidation "A temporal region is an occurrent entity that is part of time as defined relative to some reference frame. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [100-001])" @en
- 'temporal region' 'has associated axiom(nl)' "All parts of temporal regions are temporal regions. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [101-001])" @en
- 'temporal region' 'has associated axiom(nl)' "Every temporal region t is such that t occupies_temporal_region t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [119-002])" @en
- 'temporal region' 'has associated axiom(fol)' "(forall (r) (if (TemporalRegion r) (occupiesTemporalRegion r r))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [119-002] "
- 'temporal region' 'has associated axiom(fol)' "(forall (x y) (if (and (TemporalRegion x) (occurrentPartOf y x)) (TemporalRegion y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [101-001] "
- 'temporal region' 'has associated axiom(fol)' "(forall (x) (if (TemporalRegion x) (Occurrent x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [100-001] "
- 'temporal region' rdfs:label "temporal region" @en
- 'two-dimensional spatial region' 'BFO OWL specification label' "2d-s-region"
- 'two-dimensional spatial region' 'BFO CLIF specification label' "TwoDimensionalSpatialRegion"
- 'two-dimensional spatial region' 'example of usage' "an infinitely thin plane in space." @en
- 'two-dimensional spatial region' 'example of usage' "the surface of a sphere-shaped part of space" @en
- 'two-dimensional spatial region' elucidation "A two-dimensional spatial region is a spatial region that is of two dimensions. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [039-001])" @en
- 'two-dimensional spatial region' 'has associated axiom(fol)' "(forall (x) (if (TwoDimensionalSpatialRegion x) (SpatialRegion x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [039-001] "
- 'two-dimensional spatial region' rdfs:label "two-dimensional spatial region" @en
- 'spatiotemporal region' 'BFO OWL specification label' "st-region"
- 'spatiotemporal region' 'BFO CLIF specification label' "SpatiotemporalRegion"
- 'spatiotemporal region' 'example of usage' "the spatiotemporal region occupied by a human life" @en
- 'spatiotemporal region' 'example of usage' "the spatiotemporal region occupied by a process of cellular meiosis." @en
- 'spatiotemporal region' 'example of usage' "the spatiotemporal region occupied by the development of a cancer tumor" @en
- 'spatiotemporal region' elucidation "A spatiotemporal region is an occurrent entity that is part of spacetime. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [095-001])" @en
- 'spatiotemporal region' 'has associated axiom(nl)' "All parts of spatiotemporal regions are spatiotemporal regions. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [096-001])" @en
- 'spatiotemporal region' 'has associated axiom(nl)' "Each spatiotemporal region at any time t projects_onto some spatial region at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [099-001])" @en
- 'spatiotemporal region' 'has associated axiom(nl)' "Each spatiotemporal region projects_onto some temporal region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [098-001])" @en
- 'spatiotemporal region' 'has associated axiom(nl)' "Every spatiotemporal region occupies_spatiotemporal_region itself." @en
- 'spatiotemporal region' 'has associated axiom(nl)' "Every spatiotemporal region s is such that s occupies_spatiotemporal_region s. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [107-002])" @en
- 'spatiotemporal region' 'has associated axiom(fol)' "(forall (r) (if (SpatioTemporalRegion r) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion r r))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [107-002] "
- 'spatiotemporal region' 'has associated axiom(fol)' "(forall (x t) (if (SpatioTemporalRegion x) (exists (y) (and (SpatialRegion y) (spatiallyProjectsOntoAt x y t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [099-001] "
- 'spatiotemporal region' 'has associated axiom(fol)' "(forall (x y) (if (and (SpatioTemporalRegion x) (occurrentPartOf y x)) (SpatioTemporalRegion y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [096-001] "
- 'spatiotemporal region' 'has associated axiom(fol)' "(forall (x) (if (SpatioTemporalRegion x) (Occurrent x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [095-001] "
- 'spatiotemporal region' 'has associated axiom(fol)' "(forall (x) (if (SpatioTemporalRegion x) (exists (y) (and (TemporalRegion y) (temporallyProjectsOnto x y))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [098-001] "
- 'spatiotemporal region' rdfs:label "spatiotemporal region" @en
- process 'BFO OWL specification label' "process"
- process 'BFO CLIF specification label' "Process"
- process 'example of usage' "a process of cell-division, \ a beating of the heart" @en
- process 'example of usage' "a process of meiosis" @en
- process 'example of usage' "a process of sleeping" @en
- process 'example of usage' "the course of a disease" @en
- process 'example of usage' "the flight of a bird" @en
- process 'example of usage' "the life of an organism" @en
- process 'example of usage' "your process of aging." @en
- process definition "An occurrent that has temporal proper parts and for some time t, p s-depends_on some material entity at t." @en
- process definition "p is a process = Def. p is an occurrent that has temporal proper parts and for some time t, p s-depends_on some material entity at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [083-003])" @en
- process 'editor note' "BFO 2 Reference: The realm of occurrents is less pervasively marked by the presence of natural units than is the case in the realm of independent continuants. Thus there is here no counterpart of ‘object’. In BFO 1.0 ‘process’ served as such a counterpart. In BFO 2.0 ‘process’ is, rather, the occurrent counterpart of ‘material entity’. Those natural – as contrasted with engineered, which here means: deliberately executed – units which do exist in the realm of occurrents are typically either parasitic on the existence of natural units on the continuant side, or they are fiat in nature. Thus we can count lives; we can count football games; we can count chemical reactions performed in experiments or in chemical manufacturing. We cannot count the processes taking place, for instance, in an episode of insect mating behavior.Even where natural units are identifiable, for example cycles in a cyclical process such as the beating of a heart or an organism’s sleep/wake cycle, the processes in question form a sequence with no discontinuities (temporal gaps) of the sort that we find for instance where billiard balls or zebrafish or planets are separated by clear spatial gaps. Lives of organisms are process units, but they too unfold in a continuous series from other, prior processes such as fertilization, and they unfold in turn in continuous series of post-life processes such as post-mortem decay. Clear examples of boundaries of processes are almost always of the fiat sort (midnight, a time of death as declared in an operating theater or on a death certificate, the initiation of a state of war)" @en
- process 'has associated axiom(fol)' "(iff (Process a) (and (Occurrent a) (exists (b) (properTemporalPartOf b a)) (exists (c t) (and (MaterialEntity c) (specificallyDependsOnAt a c t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [083-003] "
- process rdfs:label "process" @en
- disposition 'BFO OWL specification label' "disposition"
- disposition 'BFO CLIF specification label' "Disposition"
- disposition 'example of usage' "an atom of element X has the disposition to decay to an atom of element Y" @en
- disposition 'example of usage' "certain people have a predisposition to colon cancer" @en
- disposition 'example of usage' "children are innately disposed to categorize objects in certain ways." @en
- disposition 'example of usage' "the cell wall is disposed to filter chemicals in endocytosis and exocytosis" @en
- disposition 'editor note' "BFO 2 Reference: Dispositions exist along a strength continuum. Weaker forms of disposition are realized in only a fraction of triggering cases. These forms occur in a significant number of cases of a similar type." @en
- disposition elucidation "b is a disposition means: b is a realizable entity & b’s bearer is some material entity & b is such that if it ceases to exist, then its bearer is physically changed, & b’s realization occurs when and because this bearer is in some special physical circumstances, & this realization occurs in virtue of the bearer’s physical make-up. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [062-002])" @en
- disposition 'has associated axiom(nl)' "If b is a realizable entity then for all t at which b exists, b s-depends_on some material entity at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [063-002])" @en
- disposition 'has associated axiom(fol)' "(forall (x t) (if (and (RealizableEntity x) (existsAt x t)) (exists (y) (and (MaterialEntity y) (specificallyDepends x y t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [063-002] "
- disposition 'has associated axiom(fol)' "(forall (x) (if (Disposition x) (and (RealizableEntity x) (exists (y) (and (MaterialEntity y) (bearerOfAt x y t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [062-002] "
- disposition rdfs:label "disposition" @en
- 'realizable entity' 'BFO OWL specification label' "realizable"
- 'realizable entity' 'BFO CLIF specification label' "RealizableEntity"
- 'realizable entity' 'example of usage' "the disposition of this piece of metal to conduct electricity." @en
- 'realizable entity' 'example of usage' "the disposition of your blood to coagulate" @en
- 'realizable entity' 'example of usage' "the function of your reproductive organs" @en
- 'realizable entity' 'example of usage' "the role of being a doctor" @en
- 'realizable entity' 'example of usage' "the role of this boundary to delineate where Utah and Colorado meet" @en
- 'realizable entity' definition "A specifically dependent continuant that inheres in continuant entities and are not exhibited in full at every time in which it inheres in an entity or group of entities. The exhibition or actualization of a realizable entity is a particular manifestation, functioning or process that occurs under certain circumstances." @en
- 'realizable entity' elucidation "To say that b is a realizable entity is to say that b is a specifically dependent continuant that inheres in some independent continuant which is not a spatial region and is of a type instances of which are realized in processes of a correlated type. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [058-002])" @en
- 'realizable entity' 'has associated axiom(nl)' "All realizable dependent continuants have independent continuants that are not spatial regions as their bearers. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [060-002])" @en
- 'realizable entity' 'has associated axiom(fol)' "(forall (x t) (if (RealizableEntity x) (exists (y) (and (IndependentContinuant y) (not (SpatialRegion y)) (bearerOfAt y x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [060-002] "
- 'realizable entity' 'has associated axiom(fol)' "(forall (x) (if (RealizableEntity x) (and (SpecificallyDependentContinuant x) (exists (y) (and (IndependentContinuant y) (not (SpatialRegion y)) (inheresIn x y)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [058-002] "
- 'realizable entity' rdfs:label "realizable entity" @en
- 'zero-dimensional spatial region' 'BFO OWL specification label' "0d-s-region"
- 'zero-dimensional spatial region' 'BFO CLIF specification label' "ZeroDimensionalSpatialRegion"
- 'zero-dimensional spatial region' elucidation "A zero-dimensional spatial region is a point in space. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [037-001])" @en
- 'zero-dimensional spatial region' 'has associated axiom(fol)' "(forall (x) (if (ZeroDimensionalSpatialRegion x) (SpatialRegion x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [037-001] "
- 'zero-dimensional spatial region' rdfs:label "zero-dimensional spatial region" @en
- quality 'BFO OWL specification label' "quality"
- quality 'BFO CLIF specification label' "Quality"
- quality 'example of usage' "the ambient temperature of this portion of air" @en
- quality 'example of usage' "the color of a tomato" @en
- quality 'example of usage' "the length of the circumference of your waist" @en
- quality 'example of usage' "the mass of this piece of gold." @en
- quality 'example of usage' "the shape of your nose" @en
- quality 'example of usage' "the shape of your nostril" @en
- quality elucidation "a quality is a specifically dependent continuant that, in contrast to roles and dispositions, does not require any further process in order to be realized. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [055-001])" @en
- quality 'has associated axiom(nl)' "If an entity is a quality at any time that it exists, then it is a quality at every time that it exists. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [105-001])" @en
- quality 'has associated axiom(fol)' "(forall (x) (if (Quality x) (SpecificallyDependentContinuant x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [055-001] "
- quality 'has associated axiom(fol)' "(forall (x) (if (exists (t) (and (existsAt x t) (Quality x))) (forall (t_1) (if (existsAt x t_1) (Quality x))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [105-001] "
- quality rdfs:label "quality" @en
- 'specifically dependent continuant' 'BFO OWL specification label' "sdc"
- 'specifically dependent continuant' 'BFO CLIF specification label' "SpecificallyDependentContinuant"
- 'specifically dependent continuant' 'example of usage' "Reciprocal specifically dependent continuants: the function of this key to open this lock and the mutually dependent disposition of this lock: to be opened by this key" @en
- 'specifically dependent continuant' 'example of usage' "of one-sided specifically dependent continuants: the mass of this tomato" @en
- 'specifically dependent continuant' 'example of usage' "of relational dependent continuants (multiple bearers): John’s love for Mary, the ownership relation between John and this statue, the relation of authority between John and his subordinates." @en
- 'specifically dependent continuant' 'example of usage' "the disposition of this fish to decay" @en
- 'specifically dependent continuant' 'example of usage' "the function of this heart: to pump blood" @en
- 'specifically dependent continuant' 'example of usage' "the mutual dependence of proton donors and acceptors in chemical reactions [79" @en
- 'specifically dependent continuant' 'example of usage' "the mutual dependence of the role predator and the role prey as played by two organisms in a given interaction" @en
- 'specifically dependent continuant' 'example of usage' "the pink color of a medium rare piece of grilled filet mignon at its center" @en
- 'specifically dependent continuant' 'example of usage' "the role of being a doctor" @en
- 'specifically dependent continuant' 'example of usage' "the shape of this hole." @en
- 'specifically dependent continuant' 'example of usage' "the smell of this portion of mozzarella" @en
- 'specifically dependent continuant' definition "A continuant that inheres in or is borne by other entities. Every instance of A requires some specific instance of B which must always be the same." @en
- 'specifically dependent continuant' definition "b is a specifically dependent continuant = Def. b is a continuant & there is some independent continuant c which is not a spatial region and which is such that b s-depends_on c at every time t during the course of b’s existence. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [050-003])" @en
- 'specifically dependent continuant' 'editor note' "Specifically dependent continuant doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. We're not sure what else will develop here, but for example there are questions such as what are promises, obligation, etc." @en
- 'specifically dependent continuant' 'has associated axiom(fol)' "(iff (SpecificallyDependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (forall (t) (if (existsAt a t) (exists (b) (and (IndependentContinuant b) (not (SpatialRegion b)) (specificallyDependsOnAt a b t))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [050-003] "
- 'specifically dependent continuant' rdfs:label "specifically dependent continuant" @en
- role 'BFO OWL specification label' "role"
- role 'BFO CLIF specification label' "Role"
- role 'example of usage' "John’s role of husband to Mary is dependent on Mary’s role of wife to John, and both are dependent on the object aggregate comprising John and Mary as member parts joined together through the relational quality of being married." @en
- role 'example of usage' "the priest role" @en
- role 'example of usage' "the role of a boundary to demarcate two neighboring administrative territories" @en
- role 'example of usage' "the role of a building in serving as a military target" @en
- role 'example of usage' "the role of a stone in marking a property boundary" @en
- role 'example of usage' "the role of subject in a clinical trial" @en
- role 'example of usage' "the student role" @en
- role definition "A realizable entity the manifestation of which brings about some result or end that is not essential to a continuant in virtue of the kind of thing that it is but that can be served or participated in by that kind of continuant in some kinds of natural, social or institutional contexts." @en
- role 'editor note' "BFO 2 Reference: One major family of examples of non-rigid universals involves roles, and ontologies developed for corresponding administrative purposes may consist entirely of representatives of entities of this sort. Thus ‘professor’, defined as follows,b instance_of professor at t =Def. there is some c, c instance_of professor role & c inheres_in b at t.denotes a non-rigid universal and so also do ‘nurse’, ‘student’, ‘colonel’, ‘taxpayer’, and so forth. (These terms are all, in the jargon of philosophy, phase sortals.) By using role terms in definitions, we can create a BFO conformant treatment of such entities drawing on the fact that, while an instance of professor may be simultaneously an instance of trade union member, no instance of the type professor role is also (at any time) an instance of the type trade union member role (any more than any instance of the type color is at any time an instance of the type length).If an ontology of employment positions should be defined in terms of roles following the above pattern, this enables the ontology to do justice to the fact that individuals instantiate the corresponding universals – professor, sergeant, nurse – only during certain phases in their lives." @en
- role elucidation "b is a role means: b is a realizable entity & b exists because there is some single bearer that is in some special physical, social, or institutional set of circumstances in which this bearer does not have to be& b is not such that, if it ceases to exist, then the physical make-up of the bearer is thereby changed. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [061-001])" @en
- role 'has associated axiom(fol)' "(forall (x) (if (Role x) (RealizableEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [061-001] "
- role rdfs:label "role" @en
- 'fiat object part' 'BFO OWL specification label' "fiat-object-part"
- 'fiat object part' 'BFO CLIF specification label' "FiatObjectPart"
- 'fiat object part' 'example of usage' "or with divisions drawn by cognitive subjects for practical reasons, such as the division of a cake (before slicing) into (what will become) slices (and thus member parts of an object aggregate). However, this does not mean that fiat object parts are dependent for their existence on divisions or delineations effected by cognitive subjects. If, for example, it is correct to conceive geological layers of the Earth as fiat object parts of the Earth, then even though these layers were first delineated in recent times, still existed long before such delineation and what holds of these layers (for example that the oldest layers are also the lowest layers) did not begin to hold because of our acts of delineation.Treatment of material entity in BFOExamples viewed by some as problematic cases for the trichotomy of fiat object part, object, and object aggregate include: a mussel on (and attached to) a rock, a slime mold, a pizza, a cloud, a galaxy, a railway train with engine and multiple carriages, a clonal stand of quaking aspen, a bacterial community (biofilm), a broken femur. Note that, as Aristotle already clearly recognized, such problematic cases – which lie at or near the penumbra of instances defined by the categories in question – need not invalidate these categories. The existence of grey objects does not prove that there are not objects which are black and objects which are white; the existence of mules does not prove that there are not objects which are donkeys and objects which are horses. It does, however, show that the examples in question need to be addressed carefully in order to show how they can be fitted into the proposed scheme, for example by recognizing additional subdivisions [29" @en
- 'fiat object part' 'example of usage' "the FMA:regional parts of an intact human body." @en
- 'fiat object part' 'example of usage' "the Western hemisphere of the Earth" @en
- 'fiat object part' 'example of usage' "the division of the brain into regions" @en
- 'fiat object part' 'example of usage' "the division of the planet into hemispheres" @en
- 'fiat object part' 'example of usage' "the dorsal and ventral surfaces of the body" @en
- 'fiat object part' 'example of usage' "the upper and lower lobes of the left lung" @en
- 'fiat object part' 'editor note' "BFO 2 Reference: Most examples of fiat object parts are associated with theoretically drawn divisions" @en
- 'fiat object part' elucidation "b is a fiat object part = Def. b is a material entity which is such that for all times t, if b exists at t then there is some object c such that b proper continuant_part of c at t and c is demarcated from the remainder of c by a two-dimensional continuant fiat boundary. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [027-004])" @en
- 'fiat object part' 'has associated axiom(fol)' "(forall (x) (if (FiatObjectPart x) (and (MaterialEntity x) (forall (t) (if (existsAt x t) (exists (y) (and (Object y) (properContinuantPartOfAt x y t)))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [027-004] "
- 'fiat object part' rdfs:label "fiat object part" @en
- 'one-dimensional spatial region' 'BFO OWL specification label' "1d-s-region"
- 'one-dimensional spatial region' 'BFO CLIF specification label' "OneDimensionalSpatialRegion"
- 'one-dimensional spatial region' 'example of usage' "an edge of a cube-shaped portion of space." @en
- 'one-dimensional spatial region' elucidation "A one-dimensional spatial region is a line or aggregate of lines stretching from one point in space to another. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [038-001])" @en
- 'one-dimensional spatial region' 'has associated axiom(fol)' "(forall (x) (if (OneDimensionalSpatialRegion x) (SpatialRegion x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [038-001] "
- 'one-dimensional spatial region' rdfs:label "one-dimensional spatial region" @en
- 'object aggregate' 'BFO OWL specification label' "object-aggregate"
- 'object aggregate' 'BFO CLIF specification label' "ObjectAggregate"
- 'object aggregate' 'example of usage' "a collection of cells in a blood biobank." @en
- 'object aggregate' 'example of usage' "a swarm of bees is an aggregate of members who are linked together through natural bonds" @en
- 'object aggregate' 'example of usage' "a symphony orchestra" @en
- 'object aggregate' 'example of usage' "an organization is an aggregate whose member parts have roles of specific types (for example in a jazz band, a chess club, a football team)" @en
- 'object aggregate' 'example of usage' "defined by fiat: the aggregate of members of an organization" @en
- 'object aggregate' 'example of usage' "defined through physical attachment: the aggregate of atoms in a lump of granite" @en
- 'object aggregate' 'example of usage' "defined through physical containment: the aggregate of molecules of carbon dioxide in a sealed container" @en
- 'object aggregate' 'example of usage' "defined via attributive delimitations such as: the patients in this hospital" @en
- 'object aggregate' 'example of usage' "the aggregate of bearings in a constant velocity axle joint" @en
- 'object aggregate' 'example of usage' "the aggregate of blood cells in your body" @en
- 'object aggregate' 'example of usage' "the nitrogen atoms in the atmosphere" @en
- 'object aggregate' 'example of usage' "the restaurants in Palo Alto" @en
- 'object aggregate' 'example of usage' "your collection of Meissen ceramic plates." @en
- 'object aggregate' 'editor note' "An entity a is an object aggregate if and only if there is a mutually exhaustive and pairwise disjoint partition of a into objects "
- 'object aggregate' 'editor note' "An entity a is an object aggregate if and only if there is a mutually exhaustive and pairwise disjoint partition of a into objects "
- 'object aggregate' 'editor note' "BFO 2 Reference: object aggregates may gain and lose parts while remaining numerically identical (one and the same individual) over time. This holds both for aggregates whose membership is determined naturally (the aggregate of cells in your body) and aggregates determined by fiat (a baseball team, a congressional committee)." @en
- 'object aggregate' 'definition source' "ISBN:978-3-938793-98-5pp124-158#Thomas Bittner and Barry Smith, 'A Theory of Granular Partitions', in K. Munn and B. Smith (eds.), Applied Ontology: An Introduction, Frankfurt/Lancaster: ontos, 2008, 125-158."
- 'object aggregate' elucidation "b is an object aggregate means: b is a material entity consisting exactly of a plurality of objects as member_parts at all times at which b exists. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [025-004])" @en
- 'object aggregate' 'has associated axiom(fol)' "(forall (x) (if (ObjectAggregate x) (and (MaterialEntity x) (forall (t) (if (existsAt x t) (exists (y z) (and (Object y) (Object z) (memberPartOfAt y x t) (memberPartOfAt z x t) (not (= y z)))))) (not (exists (w t_1) (and (memberPartOfAt w x t_1) (not (Object w)))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [025-004] "
- 'object aggregate' rdfs:label "object aggregate" @en
- 'three-dimensional spatial region' 'BFO OWL specification label' "3d-s-region"
- 'three-dimensional spatial region' 'BFO CLIF specification label' "ThreeDimensionalSpatialRegion"
- 'three-dimensional spatial region' 'example of usage' "a cube-shaped region of space" @en
- 'three-dimensional spatial region' 'example of usage' "a sphere-shaped region of space," @en
- 'three-dimensional spatial region' elucidation "A three-dimensional spatial region is a spatial region that is of three dimensions. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [040-001])" @en
- 'three-dimensional spatial region' 'has associated axiom(fol)' "(forall (x) (if (ThreeDimensionalSpatialRegion x) (SpatialRegion x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [040-001] "
- 'three-dimensional spatial region' rdfs:label "three-dimensional spatial region" @en
- site 'BFO OWL specification label' "site"
- site 'BFO CLIF specification label' "Site"
- site 'example of usage' "Manhattan Canyon)" @en
- site 'example of usage' "a hole in the interior of a portion of cheese" @en
- site 'example of usage' "a rabbit hole" @en
- site 'example of usage' "an air traffic control region defined in the airspace above an airport" @en
- site 'example of usage' "the Grand Canyon" @en
- site 'example of usage' "the Piazza San Marco" @en
- site 'example of usage' "the cockpit of an aircraft" @en
- site 'example of usage' "the hold of a ship" @en
- site 'example of usage' "the interior of a kangaroo pouch" @en
- site 'example of usage' "the interior of the trunk of your car" @en
- site 'example of usage' "the interior of your bedroom" @en
- site 'example of usage' "the interior of your office" @en
- site 'example of usage' "the interior of your refrigerator" @en
- site 'example of usage' "the lumen of your gut" @en
- site 'example of usage' "your left nostril (a fiat part – the opening – of your left nasal cavity)" @en
- site elucidation "b is a site means: b is a three-dimensional immaterial entity that is (partially or wholly) bounded by a material entity or it is a three-dimensional immaterial part thereof. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [034-002])" @en
- site 'has associated axiom(fol)' "(forall (x) (if (Site x) (ImmaterialEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [034-002] "
- site rdfs:label "site" @en
- object 'BFO OWL specification label' "object"
- object 'BFO CLIF specification label' "Object"
- object 'example of usage' "atom" @en
- object 'example of usage' "cell" @en
- object 'example of usage' "cells and organisms" @en
- object 'example of usage' "engineered artifacts" @en
- object 'example of usage' "grain of sand" @en
- object 'example of usage' "molecule" @en
- object 'example of usage' "organelle" @en
- object 'example of usage' "organism" @en
- object 'example of usage' "planet" @en
- object 'example of usage' "solid portions of matter" @en
- object 'example of usage' "star" @en
- object 'editor note' "BFO 2 Reference: BFO rests on the presupposition that at multiple micro-, meso- and macroscopic scales reality exhibits certain stable, spatially separated or separable material units, combined or combinable into aggregates of various sorts (for example organisms into what are called ‘populations’). Such units play a central role in almost all domains of natural science from particle physics to cosmology. Many scientific laws govern the units in question, employing general terms (such as ‘molecule’ or ‘planet’) referring to the types and subtypes of units, and also to the types and subtypes of the processes through which such units develop and interact. The division of reality into such natural units is at the heart of biological science, as also is the fact that these units may form higher-level units (as cells form multicellular organisms) and that they may also form aggregates of units, for example as cells form portions of tissue and organs form families, herds, breeds, species, and so on. At the same time, the division of certain portions of reality into engineered units (manufactured artifacts) is the basis of modern industrial technology, which rests on the distributed mass production of engineered parts through division of labor and on their assembly into larger, compound units such as cars and laptops. The division of portions of reality into units is one starting point for the phenomenon of counting." @en
- object 'editor note' "BFO 2 Reference: Each object is such that there are entities of which we can assert unproblematically that they lie in its interior, and other entities of which we can assert unproblematically that they lie in its exterior. This may not be so for entities lying at or near the boundary between the interior and exterior. This means that two objects – for example the two cells depicted in Figure 3 – may be such that there are material entities crossing their boundaries which belong determinately to neither cell. Something similar obtains in certain cases of conjoined twins (see below)." @en
- object 'editor note' "BFO 2 Reference: To say that b is causally unified means: b is a material entity which is such that its material parts are tied together in such a way that, in environments typical for entities of the type in question,if c, a continuant part of b that is in the interior of b at t, is larger than a certain threshold size (which will be determined differently from case to case, depending on factors such as porosity of external cover) and is moved in space to be at t at a location on the exterior of the spatial region that had been occupied by b at t, then either b’s other parts will be moved in coordinated fashion or b will be damaged (be affected, for example, by breakage or tearing) in the interval between t and t.causal changes in one part of b can have consequences for other parts of b without the mediation of any entity that lies on the exterior of b. Material entities with no proper material parts would satisfy these conditions trivially. Candidate examples of types of causal unity for material entities of more complex sorts are as follows (this is not intended to be an exhaustive list):CU1: Causal unity via physical coveringHere the parts in the interior of the unified entity are combined together causally through a common membrane or other physical covering\. The latter points outwards toward and may serve a protective function in relation to what lies on the exterior of the entity [13, 47" @en
- object 'editor note' "BFO 2 Reference: an object is a maximal causally unified material entity" @en
- object 'editor note' "BFO 2 Reference: ‘objects’ are sometimes referred to as ‘grains’ [74" @en
- object elucidation "b is an object means: b is a material entity which manifests causal unity of one or other of the types CUn listed above & is of a type (a material universal) instances of which are maximal relative to this criterion of causal unity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [024-001])" @en
- object rdfs:label "object" @en
- 'generically dependent continuant' 'BFO OWL specification label' "gdc"
- 'generically dependent continuant' 'BFO CLIF specification label' "GenericallyDependentContinuant"
- 'generically dependent continuant' 'example of usage' "The entries in your database are patterns instantiated as quality instances in your hard drive. The database itself is an aggregate of such patterns. When you create the database you create a particular instance of the generically dependent continuant type database. Each entry in the database is an instance of the generically dependent continuant type IAO: information content entity." @en
- 'generically dependent continuant' 'example of usage' "the pdf file on your laptop, the pdf file that is a copy thereof on my laptop" @en
- 'generically dependent continuant' 'example of usage' "the sequence of this protein molecule; the sequence that is a copy thereof in that protein molecule." @en
- 'generically dependent continuant' definition "A continuant that is dependent on one or other independent continuant bearers. For every instance of A requires some instance of (an independent continuant type) B but which instance of B serves can change from time to time." @en
- 'generically dependent continuant' definition "b is a generically dependent continuant = Def. b is a continuant that g-depends_on one or more other entities. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [074-001])" @en
- 'generically dependent continuant' 'has associated axiom(fol)' "(iff (GenericallyDependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (exists (b t) (genericallyDependsOnAt a b t)))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [074-001] "
- 'generically dependent continuant' rdfs:label "generically dependent continuant" @en
- function 'BFO OWL specification label' "function"
- function 'BFO CLIF specification label' "Function"
- function 'example of usage' "the function of a hammer to drive in nails" @en
- function 'example of usage' "the function of a heart pacemaker to regulate the beating of a heart through electricity" @en
- function 'example of usage' "the function of amylase in saliva to break down starch into sugar" @en
- function 'editor note' "BFO 2 Reference: In the past, we have distinguished two varieties of function, artifactual function and biological function. These are not asserted subtypes of BFO:function however, since the same function – for example: to pump, to transport – can exist both in artifacts and in biological entities. The asserted subtypes of function that would be needed in order to yield a separate monoheirarchy are not artifactual function, biological function, etc., but rather transporting function, pumping function, etc." @en
- function elucidation "A function is a disposition that exists in virtue of the bearer’s physical make-up and this physical make-up is something the bearer possesses because it came into being, either through evolution (in the case of natural biological entities) or through intentional design (in the case of artifacts), in order to realize processes of a certain sort. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [064-001])" @en
- function 'has associated axiom(fol)' "(forall (x) (if (Function x) (Disposition x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [064-001] "
- function rdfs:label "function" @en
- 'process boundary' 'BFO OWL specification label' "p-boundary"
- 'process boundary' 'BFO CLIF specification label' "ProcessBoundary"
- 'process boundary' 'example of usage' "the boundary between the 2nd and 3rd year of your life." @en
- 'process boundary' definition "p is a process boundary =Def. p is a temporal part of a process & p has no proper temporal parts. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [084-001])" @en
- 'process boundary' 'has associated axiom(nl)' "Every process boundary occupies_temporal_region a zero-dimensional temporal region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [085-002])" @en
- 'process boundary' 'has associated axiom(fol)' "(forall (x) (if (ProcessBoundary x) (exists (y) (and (ZeroDimensionalTemporalRegion y) (occupiesTemporalRegion x y))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [085-002] "
- 'process boundary' 'has associated axiom(fol)' "(iff (ProcessBoundary a) (exists (p) (and (Process p) (temporalPartOf a p) (not (exists (b) (properTemporalPartOf b a)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [084-001] "
- 'process boundary' rdfs:label "process boundary" @en
- 'one-dimensional temporal region' 'BFO OWL specification label' "1d-t-region"
- 'one-dimensional temporal region' 'BFO CLIF specification label' "OneDimensionalTemporalRegion"
- 'one-dimensional temporal region' 'example of usage' "the temporal region during which a process occurs." @en
- 'one-dimensional temporal region' 'editor note' "BFO 2 Reference: A temporal interval is a special kind of one-dimensional temporal region, namely one that is self-connected (is without gaps or breaks)." @en
- 'one-dimensional temporal region' elucidation "A one-dimensional temporal region is a temporal region that is extended. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [103-001])" @en
- 'one-dimensional temporal region' 'has associated axiom(fol)' "(forall (x) (if (OneDimensionalTemporalRegion x) (TemporalRegion x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [103-001] "
- 'one-dimensional temporal region' rdfs:label "one-dimensional temporal region" @en
- 'material entity' 'BFO OWL specification label' "material"
- 'material entity' 'BFO CLIF specification label' "MaterialEntity"
- 'material entity' 'example of usage' "a flame" @en
- 'material entity' 'example of usage' "a forest fire" @en
- 'material entity' 'example of usage' "a human being" @en
- 'material entity' 'example of usage' "a hurricane" @en
- 'material entity' 'example of usage' "a photon" @en
- 'material entity' 'example of usage' "a puff of smoke" @en
- 'material entity' 'example of usage' "a sea wave" @en
- 'material entity' 'example of usage' "a tornado" @en
- 'material entity' 'example of usage' "an aggregate of human beings." @en
- 'material entity' 'example of usage' "an energy wave" @en
- 'material entity' 'example of usage' "an epidemic" @en
- 'material entity' 'example of usage' "the undetached arm of a human being" @en
- 'material entity' definition "An independent continuant that is spatially extended whose identity is independent of that of other entities and can be maintained through time." @en
- 'material entity' 'editor note' "BFO 2 Reference: Material entities (continuants) can preserve their identity even while gaining and losing material parts. Continuants are contrasted with occurrents, which unfold themselves in successive temporal parts or phases [60" @en
- 'material entity' 'editor note' "BFO 2 Reference: Object, Fiat Object Part and Object Aggregate are not intended to be exhaustive of Material Entity. Users are invited to propose new subcategories of Material Entity." @en
- 'material entity' 'editor note' "BFO 2 Reference: ‘Matter’ is intended to encompass both mass and energy (we will address the ontological treatment of portions of energy in a later version of BFO). A portion of matter is anything that includes elementary particles among its proper or improper parts: quarks and leptons, including electrons, as the smallest particles thus far discovered; baryons (including protons and neutrons) at a higher level of granularity; atoms and molecules at still higher levels, forming the cells, organs, organisms and other material entities studied by biologists, the portions of rock studied by geologists, the fossils studied by paleontologists, and so on.Material entities are three-dimensional entities (entities extended in three spatial dimensions), as contrasted with the processes in which they participate, which are four-dimensional entities (entities extended also along the dimension of time).According to the FMA, material entities may have immaterial entities as parts – including the entities identified below as sites; for example the interior (or ‘lumen’) of your small intestine is a part of your body. BFO 2.0 embodies a decision to follow the FMA here." @en
- 'material entity' elucidation "A material entity is an independent continuant that has some portion of matter as proper or improper continuant part. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [019-002])" @en
- 'material entity' 'has associated axiom(nl)' "Every entity which has a material entity as continuant part is a material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [020-002])" @en
- 'material entity' 'has associated axiom(nl)' "every entity of which a material entity is continuant part is also a material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [021-002])" @en
- 'material entity' 'has associated axiom(fol)' "(forall (x) (if (MaterialEntity x) (IndependentContinuant x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [019-002] "
- 'material entity' 'has associated axiom(fol)' "(forall (x) (if (and (Entity x) (exists (y t) (and (MaterialEntity y) (continuantPartOfAt x y t)))) (MaterialEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [021-002] "
- 'material entity' 'has associated axiom(fol)' "(forall (x) (if (and (Entity x) (exists (y t) (and (MaterialEntity y) (continuantPartOfAt y x t)))) (MaterialEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [020-002] "
- 'material entity' rdfs:label "material entity" @en
- 'part of' 'editor preferred term' "is part of" @en
- 'part of' 'example of usage' "my brain is part of my body (continuant parthood, two material entities)" @en
- 'part of' 'example of usage' "my stomach cavity is part of my stomach (continuant parthood, immaterial entity is part of material entity)" @en
- 'part of' 'example of usage' "this day is part of this year (occurrent parthood)" @en
- 'part of' definition "a core relation that holds between a part and its whole" @en
- 'part of' 'editor note' "Everything is part of itself. Any part of any part of a thing is itself part of that thing. Two distinct things cannot be part of each other." @en
- 'part of' 'editor note' "Occurrents are not subject to change and so parthood between occurrents holds for all the times that the part exists. Many continuants are subject to change, so parthood between continuants will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See https://code.google.com/p/obo-relations/wiki/ROAndTime" @en
- 'part of' 'editor note' "Parthood requires the part and the whole to have compatible classes: only an occurrent can be part of an occurrent; only a process can be part of a process; only a continuant can be part of a continuant; only an independent continuant can be part of an independent continuant; only an immaterial entity can be part of an immaterial entity; only a specifically dependent continuant can be part of a specifically dependent continuant; only a generically dependent continuant can be part of a generically dependent continuant. (This list is not exhaustive.)
A continuant cannot be part of an occurrent: use 'participates in'. An occurrent cannot be part of a continuant: use 'has participant'. A material entity cannot be part of an immaterial entity: use 'has location'. A specifically dependent continuant cannot be part of an independent continuant: use 'inheres in'. An independent continuant cannot be part of a specifically dependent continuant: use 'bearer of'." @en
- 'part of' 'alternative term' "part_of" @en
- 'part of' rdfs:label "part of" @en
- 'part of' rdfs:seeAlso "http://www.obofoundry.org/ro/#OBO_REL:part_of"
- 'has part' 'editor preferred term' "has part" @en
- 'has part' 'example of usage' "my body has part my brain (continuant parthood, two material entities)" @en
- 'has part' 'example of usage' "my stomach has part my stomach cavity (continuant parthood, material entity has part immaterial entity)" @en
- 'has part' 'example of usage' "this year has part this day (occurrent parthood)" @en
- 'has part' definition "a core relation that holds between a whole and its part" @en
- 'has part' 'editor note' "Everything has itself as a part. Any part of any part of a thing is itself part of that thing. Two distinct things cannot have each other as a part." @en
- 'has part' 'editor note' "Occurrents are not subject to change and so parthood between occurrents holds for all the times that the part exists. Many continuants are subject to change, so parthood between continuants will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See https://code.google.com/p/obo-relations/wiki/ROAndTime" @en
- 'has part' 'editor note' "Parthood requires the part and the whole to have compatible classes: only an occurrent have an occurrent as part; only a process can have a process as part; only a continuant can have a continuant as part; only an independent continuant can have an independent continuant as part; only a specifically dependent continuant can have a specifically dependent continuant as part; only a generically dependent continuant can have a generically dependent continuant as part. (This list is not exhaustive.)
A continuant cannot have an occurrent as part: use 'participates in'. An occurrent cannot have a continuant as part: use 'has participant'. An immaterial entity cannot have a material entity as part: use 'location of'. An independent continuant cannot have a specifically dependent continuant as part: use 'bearer of'. A specifically dependent continuant cannot have an independent continuant as part: use 'inheres in'." @en
- 'has part' 'alternative term' "has_part" @en
- 'has part' rdfs:label "has part" @en
- 'realized in' 'editor preferred term' "realized in" @en
- 'realized in' 'example of usage' "this disease is realized in this disease course" @en
- 'realized in' 'example of usage' "this fragility is realized in this shattering" @en
- 'realized in' 'example of usage' "this investigator role is realized in this investigation" @en
- 'realized in' 'alternative term' "is realized by" @en
- 'realized in' 'alternative term' "realized_in" @en
- 'realized in' elucidation "[copied from inverse property 'realizes'] to say that b realizes c at t is to assert that there is some material entity d & b is a process which has participant d at t & c is a disposition or role of which d is bearer_of at t& the type instantiated by b is correlated with the type instantiated by c. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [059-003])" @en
- 'realized in' rdfs:comment "Paraphrase of elucidation: a relation between a realizable entity and a process, where there is some material entity that is bearer of the realizable entity and participates in the process, and the realizable entity comes to be realized in the course of the process"
- 'realized in' rdfs:label "realized in" @en
- realizes 'editor preferred term' "realizes" @en
- realizes 'example of usage' "this disease course realizes this disease" @en
- realizes 'example of usage' "this investigation realizes this investigator role" @en
- realizes 'example of usage' "this shattering realizes this fragility" @en
- realizes elucidation "to say that b realizes c at t is to assert that there is some material entity d & b is a process which has participant d at t & c is a disposition or role of which d is bearer_of at t& the type instantiated by b is correlated with the type instantiated by c. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [059-003])" @en
- realizes rdfs:comment "Paraphrase of elucidation: a relation between a process and a realizable entity, where there is some material entity that is bearer of the realizable entity and participates in the process, and the realizable entity comes to be realized in the course of the process"
- realizes rdfs:label "realizes" @en
- 'occurs in' 'editor preferred term' "occurs in" @en
- 'occurs in' definition "b occurs_in c =def b is a process and c is a material entity or immaterial entity& there exists a spatiotemporal region r and b occupies_spatiotemporal_region r.& forall(t) if b exists_at t then c exists_at t & there exist spatial regions s and s’ where & b spatially_projects_onto s at t& c is occupies_spatial_region s’ at t& s is a proper_continuant_part_of s’ at t" @en
- 'occurs in' 'alternative term' "occurs_in" @en
- 'occurs in' 'alternative term' "unfolds in" @en
- 'occurs in' 'alternative term' "unfolds_in" @en
- 'occurs in' rdfs:comment "Paraphrase of definition: a relation between a process and an independent continuant, in which the process takes place entirely within the independent continuant"
- 'occurs in' rdfs:label "occurs in" @en
- 'contains process' 'editor preferred term' "site of" @en
- 'contains process' definition "[copied from inverse property 'occurs in'] b occurs_in c =def b is a process and c is a material entity or immaterial entity& there exists a spatiotemporal region r and b occupies_spatiotemporal_region r.& forall(t) if b exists_at t then c exists_at t & there exist spatial regions s and s’ where & b spatially_projects_onto s at t& c is occupies_spatial_region s’ at t& s is a proper_continuant_part_of s’ at t" @en
- 'contains process' rdfs:comment "Paraphrase of definition: a relation between an independent continuant and a process, in which the process takes place entirely within the independent continuant"
- 'contains process' rdfs:label "contains process" @en
- 'continuant fiat boundary' 'BFO OWL specification label' "cf-boundary"
- 'continuant fiat boundary' 'BFO CLIF specification label' "ContinuantFiatBoundary"
- 'continuant fiat boundary' definition "b is a continuant fiat boundary = Def. b is an immaterial entity that is of zero, one or two dimensions and does not include a spatial region as part. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [029-001])" @en
- 'continuant fiat boundary' 'editor note' "BFO 2 Reference: In BFO 1.1 the assumption was made that the external surface of a material entity such as a cell could be treated as if it were a boundary in the mathematical sense. The new document propounds the view that when we talk about external surfaces of material objects in this way then we are talking about something fiat. To be dealt with in a future version: fiat boundaries at different levels of granularity.More generally, the focus in discussion of boundaries in BFO 2.0 is now on fiat boundaries, which means: boundaries for which there is no assumption that they coincide with physical discontinuities. The ontology of boundaries becomes more closely allied with the ontology of regions." @en
- 'continuant fiat boundary' 'editor note' "BFO 2 Reference: a continuant fiat boundary is a boundary of some material entity (for example: the plane separating the Northern and Southern hemispheres; the North Pole), or it is a boundary of some immaterial entity (for example of some portion of airspace). Three basic kinds of continuant fiat boundary can be distinguished (together with various combination kinds [29" @en
- 'continuant fiat boundary' 'editor note' "Continuant fiat boundary doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. An example would be the mereological sum of two-dimensional continuant fiat boundary and a one dimensional continuant fiat boundary that doesn't overlap it. The situation is analogous to temporal and spatial regions." @en
- 'continuant fiat boundary' 'has associated axiom(nl)' "Every continuant fiat boundary is located at some spatial region at every time at which it exists" @en
- 'continuant fiat boundary' 'has associated axiom(fol)' "(iff (ContinuantFiatBoundary a) (and (ImmaterialEntity a) (exists (b) (and (or (ZeroDimensionalSpatialRegion b) (OneDimensionalSpatialRegion b) (TwoDimensionalSpatialRegion b)) (forall (t) (locatedInAt a b t)))) (not (exists (c t) (and (SpatialRegion c) (continuantPartOfAt c a t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [029-001] "
- 'continuant fiat boundary' rdfs:label "continuant fiat boundary" @en
- 'immaterial entity' 'BFO OWL specification label' "immaterial"
- 'immaterial entity' 'BFO CLIF specification label' "ImmaterialEntity"
- 'immaterial entity' 'editor note' "BFO 2 Reference: Immaterial entities are divided into two subgroups:boundaries and sites, which bound, or are demarcated in relation, to material entities, and which can thus change location, shape and size and as their material hosts move or change shape or size (for example: your nasal passage; the hold of a ship; the boundary of Wales (which moves with the rotation of the Earth) [38, 7, 10" @en
- 'immaterial entity' rdfs:label "immaterial entity" @en
- 'one-dimensional continuant fiat boundary' 'BFO OWL specification label' "1d-cf-boundary"
- 'one-dimensional continuant fiat boundary' 'BFO CLIF specification label' "OneDimensionalContinuantFiatBoundary"
- 'one-dimensional continuant fiat boundary' 'example of usage' "The Equator" @en
- 'one-dimensional continuant fiat boundary' 'example of usage' "all geopolitical boundaries" @en
- 'one-dimensional continuant fiat boundary' 'example of usage' "all lines of latitude and longitude" @en
- 'one-dimensional continuant fiat boundary' 'example of usage' "the line separating the outer surface of the mucosa of the lower lip from the outer surface of the skin of the chin." @en
- 'one-dimensional continuant fiat boundary' 'example of usage' "the median sulcus of your tongue" @en
- 'one-dimensional continuant fiat boundary' elucidation "a one-dimensional continuant fiat boundary is a continuous fiat line whose location is defined in relation to some material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [032-001])" @en
- 'one-dimensional continuant fiat boundary' 'has associated axiom(fol)' "(iff (OneDimensionalContinuantFiatBoundary a) (and (ContinuantFiatBoundary a) (exists (b) (and (OneDimensionalSpatialRegion b) (forall (t) (locatedInAt a b t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [032-001] "
- 'one-dimensional continuant fiat boundary' rdfs:label "one-dimensional continuant fiat boundary" @en
- 'process profile' 'BFO OWL specification label' "process-profile"
- 'process profile' 'BFO CLIF specification label' "ProcessProfile"
- 'process profile' 'example of usage' "On a somewhat higher level of complexity are what we shall call rate process profiles, which are the targets of selective abstraction focused not on determinate quality magnitudes plotted over time, but rather on certain ratios between these magnitudes and elapsed times. A speed process profile, for example, is represented by a graph plotting against time the ratio of distance covered per unit of time. Since rates may change, and since such changes, too, may have rates of change, we have to deal here with a hierarchy of process profile universals at successive levels" @en
- 'process profile' 'example of usage' "One important sub-family of rate process profiles is illustrated by the beat or frequency profiles of cyclical processes, illustrated by the 60 beats per minute beating process of John’s heart, or the 120 beats per minute drumming process involved in one of John’s performances in a rock band, and so on. Each such process includes what we shall call a beat process profile instance as part, a subtype of rate process profile in which the salient ratio is not distance covered but rather number of beat cycles per unit of time. Each beat process profile instance instantiates the determinable universal beat process profile. But it also instantiates multiple more specialized universals at lower levels of generality, selected from rate process profilebeat process profileregular beat process profile3 bpm beat process profile4 bpm beat process profileirregular beat process profileincreasing beat process profileand so on.In the case of a regular beat process profile, a rate can be assigned in the simplest possible fashion by dividing the number of cycles by the length of the temporal region occupied by the beating process profile as a whole. Irregular process profiles of this sort, for example as identified in the clinic, or in the readings on an aircraft instrument panel, are often of diagnostic significance." @en
- 'process profile' 'example of usage' "The simplest type of process profiles are what we shall call ‘quality process profiles’, which are the process profiles which serve as the foci of the sort of selective abstraction that is involved when measurements are made of changes in single qualities, as illustrated, for example, by process profiles of mass, temperature, aortic pressure, and so on." @en
- 'process profile' definition "b is a process_profile =Def. there is some process c such that b process_profile_of c (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [093-002])" @en
- 'process profile' elucidation "b process_profile_of c holds when b proper_occurrent_part_of c& there is some proper_occurrent_part d of c which has no parts in common with b & is mutually dependent on b& is such that b, c and d occupy the same temporal region (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [094-005])" @en
- 'process profile' 'has associated axiom(fol)' "(forall (x y) (if (processProfileOf x y) (and (properContinuantPartOf x y) (exists (z t) (and (properOccurrentPartOf z y) (TemporalRegion t) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion x t) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion y t) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion z t) (not (exists (w) (and (occurrentPartOf w x) (occurrentPartOf w z))))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [094-005] "
- 'process profile' 'has associated axiom(fol)' "(iff (ProcessProfile a) (exists (b) (and (Process b) (processProfileOf a b)))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [093-002] "
- 'process profile' rdfs:label "process profile" @en
- 'relational quality' 'BFO OWL specification label' "r-quality"
- 'relational quality' 'BFO CLIF specification label' "RelationalQuality"
- 'relational quality' 'example of usage' "John’s role of husband to Mary is dependent on Mary’s role of wife to John, and both are dependent on the object aggregate comprising John and Mary as member parts joined together through the relational quality of being married." @en
- 'relational quality' 'example of usage' "a marriage bond, an instance of requited love, an obligation between one person and another." @en
- 'relational quality' definition "b is a relational quality = Def. for some independent continuants c, d and for some time t: b quality_of c at t & b quality_of d at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [057-001])" @en
- 'relational quality' 'has associated axiom(fol)' "(iff (RelationalQuality a) (exists (b c t) (and (IndependentContinuant b) (IndependentContinuant c) (qualityOfAt a b t) (qualityOfAt a c t)))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [057-001] "
- 'relational quality' rdfs:label "relational quality" @en
- 'two-dimensional continuant fiat boundary' 'BFO OWL specification label' "2d-cf-boundary"
- 'two-dimensional continuant fiat boundary' 'BFO CLIF specification label' "TwoDimensionalContinuantFiatBoundary"
- 'two-dimensional continuant fiat boundary' elucidation "a two-dimensional continuant fiat boundary (surface) is a self-connected fiat surface whose location is defined in relation to some material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [033-001])" @en
- 'two-dimensional continuant fiat boundary' 'has associated axiom(fol)' "(iff (TwoDimensionalContinuantFiatBoundary a) (and (ContinuantFiatBoundary a) (exists (b) (and (TwoDimensionalSpatialRegion b) (forall (t) (locatedInAt a b t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [033-001] "
- 'two-dimensional continuant fiat boundary' rdfs:label "two-dimensional continuant fiat boundary" @en
- 'zero-dimensional continuant fiat boundary' 'BFO OWL specification label' "0d-cf-boundary"
- 'zero-dimensional continuant fiat boundary' 'BFO CLIF specification label' "ZeroDimensionalContinuantFiatBoundary"
- 'zero-dimensional continuant fiat boundary' 'example of usage' "the geographic North Pole" @en
- 'zero-dimensional continuant fiat boundary' 'example of usage' "the point of origin of some spatial coordinate system." @en
- 'zero-dimensional continuant fiat boundary' 'example of usage' "the quadripoint where the boundaries of Colorado, Utah, New Mexico, and Arizona meet" @en
- 'zero-dimensional continuant fiat boundary' 'editor note' "zero dimension continuant fiat boundaries are not spatial points. Considering the example 'the quadripoint where the boundaries of Colorado, Utah, New Mexico, and Arizona meet' : There are many frames in which that point is zooming through many points in space. Whereas, no matter what the frame, the quadripoint is always in the same relation to the boundaries of Colorado, Utah, New Mexico, and Arizona." @en
- 'zero-dimensional continuant fiat boundary' elucidation "a zero-dimensional continuant fiat boundary is a fiat point whose location is defined in relation to some material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [031-001])" @en
- 'zero-dimensional continuant fiat boundary' 'has associated axiom(fol)' "(iff (ZeroDimensionalContinuantFiatBoundary a) (and (ContinuantFiatBoundary a) (exists (b) (and (ZeroDimensionalSpatialRegion b) (forall (t) (locatedInAt a b t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [031-001] "
- 'zero-dimensional continuant fiat boundary' rdfs:label "zero-dimensional continuant fiat boundary" @en
- 'zero-dimensional temporal region' 'BFO OWL specification label' "0d-t-region"
- 'zero-dimensional temporal region' 'BFO CLIF specification label' "ZeroDimensionalTemporalRegion"
- 'zero-dimensional temporal region' 'example of usage' "a temporal region that is occupied by a process boundary" @en
- 'zero-dimensional temporal region' 'example of usage' "right now" @en
- 'zero-dimensional temporal region' 'example of usage' "the moment at which a child is born" @en
- 'zero-dimensional temporal region' 'example of usage' "the moment at which a finger is detached in an industrial accident" @en
- 'zero-dimensional temporal region' 'example of usage' "the moment of death." @en
- 'zero-dimensional temporal region' 'alternative term' "temporal instant." @en
- 'zero-dimensional temporal region' elucidation "A zero-dimensional temporal region is a temporal region that is without extent. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [102-001])" @en
- 'zero-dimensional temporal region' 'has associated axiom(fol)' "(forall (x) (if (ZeroDimensionalTemporalRegion x) (TemporalRegion x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [102-001] "
- 'zero-dimensional temporal region' rdfs:label "zero-dimensional temporal region" @en
- 'BFO OWL specification label' definition "Relates an entity in the ontology to the name of the variable that is used to represent it in the code that generates the BFO OWL file from the lispy specification." @en
- 'BFO OWL specification label' 'curator note' "Really of interest to developers only" @en
- 'BFO OWL specification label' rdfs:label "BFO OWL specification label" @en
- 'BFO CLIF specification label' definition "Relates an entity in the ontology to the term that is used to represent it in the the CLIF specification of BFO2" @en
- 'BFO CLIF specification label' 'definition source' "Person:Alan Ruttenberg"
- 'BFO CLIF specification label' 'curator note' "Really of interest to developers only" @en
- 'BFO CLIF specification label' rdfs:label "BFO CLIF specification label" @en
- history 'BFO OWL specification label' "history"
- history 'BFO CLIF specification label' "History"
- history elucidation "A history is a process that is the sum of the totality of processes taking place in the spatiotemporal region occupied by a material entity or site, including processes on the surface of the entity or within the cavities to which it serves as host. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [138-001])" @en
- history rdfs:label "history" @en
- 'editor preferred term' rdfs:label "editor preferred term" @en
- 'example of usage' rdfs:label "example of usage" @en
- definition rdfs:label "definition" @en
- 'editor note' rdfs:label "editor note" @en
- 'term editor' rdfs:label "term editor" @en
- 'alternative term' rdfs:label "alternative term" @en
- 'definition source' rdfs:label "definition source" @en
- 'curator note' rdfs:label "curator note" @en
- 'imported from' rdfs:label "imported from" @en
- elucidation rdfs:label "elucidation" @en
- 'has associated axiom(nl)' rdfs:label "has associated axiom(nl)" @en
- 'has associated axiom(fol)' rdfs:label "has associated axiom(fol)" @en
- 'has axiom label' rdfs:label "has axiom label" @en
- 'inheres in' 'editor preferred term' "inheres in" @en
- 'inheres in' 'example of usage' "this fragility inheres in this vase" @en
- 'inheres in' 'example of usage' "this red color inheres in this apple" @en
- 'inheres in' definition "a relation between a specifically dependent continuant (the dependent) and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the dependent specifically depends on the bearer for its existence" @en
- 'inheres in' 'editor note' "A dependent inheres in its bearer at all times for which the dependent exists." @en
- 'inheres in' 'alternative term' "inheres_in" @en
- 'inheres in' rdfs:label "inheres in" @en
- 'bearer of' 'editor preferred term' "bearer of" @en
- 'bearer of' 'example of usage' "this apple is bearer of this red color" @en
- 'bearer of' 'example of usage' "this vase is bearer of this fragility" @en
- 'bearer of' definition "a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a specifically dependent continuant (the dependent), in which the dependent specifically depends on the bearer for its existence" @en
- 'bearer of' 'editor note' "A bearer can have many dependents, and its dependents can exist for different periods of time, but none of its dependents can exist when the bearer does not exist." @en
- 'bearer of' 'alternative term' "bearer_of" @en
- 'bearer of' 'alternative term' "is bearer of" @en
- 'bearer of' rdfs:label "bearer of" @en
- 'participates in' 'editor preferred term' "participates in" @en
- 'participates in' 'example of usage' "this blood clot participates in this blood coagulation" @en
- 'participates in' 'example of usage' "this input material (or this output material) participates in this process" @en
- 'participates in' 'example of usage' "this investigator participates in this investigation" @en
- 'participates in' definition "a relation between a continuant and a process, in which the continuant is somehow involved in the process" @en
- 'participates in' 'alternative term' "participates_in" @en
- 'participates in' rdfs:label "participates in" @en
- 'has participant' 'editor preferred term' "has participant" @en
- 'has participant' 'example of usage' "this blood coagulation has participant this blood clot" @en
- 'has participant' 'example of usage' "this investigation has participant this investigator" @en
- 'has participant' 'example of usage' "this process has participant this input material (or this output material)" @en
- 'has participant' definition "a relation between a process and a continuant, in which the continuant is somehow involved in the process" @en
- 'has participant' 'editor note' "Has_participant is a primitive instance-level relation between a process, a continuant, and a time at which the continuant participates in some way in the process. The relation obtains, for example, when this particular process of oxygen exchange across this particular alveolar membrane has_participant this particular sample of hemoglobin at this particular time." @en
- 'has participant' 'alternative term' "has_participant" @en
- 'has participant' dc:source "http://www.obofoundry.org/ro/#OBO_REL:has_participant"
- 'has participant' rdfs:label "has participant" @en
- 'is concretized as' 'example of usage' "A journal article is an information artifact that inheres in some number of printed journals. For each copy of the printed journal there is some quality that carries the journal article, such as a pattern of ink. The journal article (a generically dependent continuant) is concretized as the quality (a specifically dependent continuant), and both depend on that copy of the printed journal (an independent continuant)." @en
- 'is concretized as' 'example of usage' "An investigator reads a protocol and forms a plan to carry out an assay. The plan is a realizable entity (a specifically dependent continuant) that concretizes the protocol (a generically dependent continuant), and both depend on the investigator (an independent continuant). The plan is then realized by the assay (a process)." @en
- 'is concretized as' definition "A relationship between a generically dependent continuant and a specifically dependent continuant, in which the generically dependent continuant depends on some independent continuant in virtue of the fact that the specifically dependent continuant also depends on that same independent continuant. A generically dependent continuant may be concretized as multiple specifically dependent continuants." @en
- 'is concretized as' rdfs:label "is concretized as" @en
- concretizes 'example of usage' "A journal article is an information artifact that inheres in some number of printed journals. For each copy of the printed journal there is some quality that carries the journal article, such as a pattern of ink. The quality (a specifically dependent continuant) concretizes the journal article (a generically dependent continuant), and both depend on that copy of the printed journal (an independent continuant)." @en
- concretizes 'example of usage' "An investigator reads a protocol and forms a plan to carry out an assay. The plan is a realizable entity (a specifically dependent continuant) that concretizes the protocol (a generically dependent continuant), and both depend on the investigator (an independent continuant). The plan is then realized by the assay (a process)." @en
- concretizes definition "A relationship between a specifically dependent continuant and a generically dependent continuant, in which the generically dependent continuant depends on some independent continuant in virtue of the fact that the specifically dependent continuant also depends on that same independent continuant. Multiple specifically dependent continuants can concretize the same generically dependent continuant." @en
- concretizes rdfs:label "concretizes" @en
- 'function of' 'example of usage' "this catalysis function is a function of this enzyme" @en
- 'function of' definition "a relation between a function and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the function specifically depends on the bearer for its existence" @en
- 'function of' 'editor note' "A function inheres in its bearer at all times for which the function exists, however the function need not be realized at all the times that the function exists." @en
- 'function of' 'alternative term' "function_of" @en
- 'function of' 'alternative term' "is function of" @en
- 'function of' rdfs:label "function of" @en
- 'quality of' 'example of usage' "this red color is a quality of this apple" @en
- 'quality of' definition "a relation between a quality and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the quality specifically depends on the bearer for its existence" @en
- 'quality of' 'editor note' "A quality inheres in its bearer at all times for which the quality exists." @en
- 'quality of' 'alternative term' "is quality of" @en
- 'quality of' 'alternative term' "quality_of" @en
- 'quality of' rdfs:label "quality of" @en
- 'role of' 'example of usage' "this investigator role is a role of this person" @en
- 'role of' definition "a relation between a role and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the role specifically depends on the bearer for its existence" @en
- 'role of' 'editor note' "A role inheres in its bearer at all times for which the role exists, however the role need not be realized at all the times that the role exists." @en
- 'role of' 'alternative term' "is role of" @en
- 'role of' 'alternative term' "role_of" @en
- 'role of' rdfs:label "role of" @en
- 'has function' 'example of usage' "this enzyme has function this catalysis function (more colloquially: this enzyme has this catalysis function)" @en
- 'has function' definition "a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a function, in which the function specifically depends on the bearer for its existence" @en
- 'has function' 'editor note' "A bearer can have many functions, and its functions can exist for different periods of time, but none of its functions can exist when the bearer does not exist. A function need not be realized at all the times that the function exists." @en
- 'has function' 'alternative term' "has_function" @en
- 'has function' rdfs:label "has function" @en
- 'has quality' 'example of usage' "this apple has quality this red color" @en
- 'has quality' definition "a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a quality, in which the quality specifically depends on the bearer for its existence" @en
- 'has quality' 'editor note' "A bearer can have many qualities, and its qualities can exist for different periods of time, but none of its qualities can exist when the bearer does not exist." @en
- 'has quality' 'alternative term' "has_quality" @en
- 'has quality' rdfs:label "has quality" @en
- 'has role' 'example of usage' "this person has role this investigator role (more colloquially: this person has this role of investigator)" @en
- 'has role' definition "a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a role, in which the role specifically depends on the bearer for its existence" @en
- 'has role' 'editor note' "A bearer can have many roles, and its roles can exist for different periods of time, but none of its roles can exist when the bearer does not exist. A role need not be realized at all the times that the role exists." @en
- 'has role' 'alternative term' "has_role" @en
- 'has role' rdfs:label "has role" @en
- 'has disposition' definition "a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a disposition, in which the disposition specifically depends on the bearer for its existence" @en
- 'has disposition' rdfs:label "has disposition" @en
- 'disposition of' rdfs:label "disposition of" @en
- 'derives from' 'example of usage' "this cell derives from this parent cell (cell division)" @en
- 'derives from' 'example of usage' "this nucleus derives from this parent nucleus (nuclear division)" @en
- 'derives from' definition "a relation between two distinct material entities, the new entity and the old entity, in which the new entity begins to exist when the old entity ceases to exist, and the new entity inherits the significant portion of the matter of the old entity" @en
- 'derives from' 'editor note' "This is a very general relation. More specific relations are preferred when applicable, such as 'directly develops from'." @en
- 'derives from' 'alternative term' "derives_from" @en
- 'derives from' rdfs:label "derives from" @en
- 'derives into' 'example of usage' "this parent cell derives into this cell (cell division)" @en
- 'derives into' 'example of usage' "this parent nucleus derives into this nucleus (nuclear division)" @en
- 'derives into' definition "a relation between two distinct material entities, the old entity and the new entity, in which the new entity begins to exist when the old entity ceases to exist, and the new entity inherits the significant portion of the matter of the old entity" @en
- 'derives into' 'editor note' "This is a very general relation. More specific relations are preferred when applicable, such as 'directly develops into'. To avoid making statements about a future that may not come to pass, it is often better to use the backward-looking 'derives from' rather than the forward-looking 'derives into'." @en
- 'derives into' 'alternative term' "derives_into" @en
- 'derives into' rdfs:label "derives into" @en
- 'location of' 'editor preferred term' "is location of" @en
- 'location of' 'example of usage' "my head is the location of my brain" @en
- 'location of' 'example of usage' "this cage is the location of this rat" @en
- 'location of' definition "a relation between two independent continuants, the location and the target, in which the target is entirely within the location" @en
- 'location of' 'editor note' "Most location relations will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See https://code.google.com/p/obo-relations/wiki/ROAndTime" @en
- 'location of' 'alternative term' "location_of" @en
- 'location of' rdfs:label "location of" @en
- 'located in' 'editor preferred term' "located in" @en
- 'located in' 'example of usage' "my brain is located in my head" @en
- 'located in' 'example of usage' "this rat is located in this cage" @en
- 'located in' definition "a relation between two independent continuants, the target and the location, in which the target is entirely within the location" @en
- 'located in' 'editor note' "Location as a relation between instances: The primitive instance-level relation c located_in r at t reflects the fact that each continuant is at any given time associated with exactly one spatial region, namely its exact location. Following we can use this relation to define a further instance-level location relation - not between a continuant and the region which it exactly occupies, but rather between one continuant and another. c is located in c1, in this sense, whenever the spatial region occupied by c is part_of the spatial region occupied by c1. Note that this relation comprehends both the relation of exact location between one continuant and another which obtains when r and r1 are identical (for example, when a portion of fluid exactly fills a cavity), as well as those sorts of inexact location relations which obtain, for example, between brain and head or between ovum and uterus" @en
- 'located in' 'editor note' "Most location relations will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See https://code.google.com/p/obo-relations/wiki/ROAndTime" @en
- 'located in' 'alternative term' "located_in" @en
- 'located in' dc:source "http://www.obofoundry.org/ro/#OBO_REL:located_in"
- 'located in' rdfs:label "located in" @en
- '2D boundary of' 'example of usage' "the surface of my skin is a 2D boundary of my body" @en
- '2D boundary of' definition "a relation between a 2D immaterial entity (the boundary) and a material entity, in which the boundary delimits the material entity" @en
- '2D boundary of' 'editor note' "A 2D boundary may have holes and gaps, but it must be a single connected entity, not an aggregate of several disconnected parts." @en
- '2D boundary of' 'editor note' "Although the boundary is two-dimensional, it exists in three-dimensional space and thus has a 3D shape." @en
- '2D boundary of' 'alternative term' "2D_boundary_of" @en
- '2D boundary of' 'alternative term' "boundary of" @en
- '2D boundary of' 'alternative term' "is 2D boundary of" @en
- '2D boundary of' 'alternative term' "is boundary of" @en
- '2D boundary of' rdfs:label "2D boundary of" @en
- 'has 2D boundary' 'example of usage' "my body has 2D boundary the surface of my skin" @en
- 'has 2D boundary' definition "a relation between a material entity and a 2D immaterial entity (the boundary), in which the boundary delimits the material entity" @en
- 'has 2D boundary' 'editor note' "A 2D boundary may have holes and gaps, but it must be a single connected entity, not an aggregate of several disconnected parts." @en
- 'has 2D boundary' 'editor note' "Although the boundary is two-dimensional, it exists in three-dimensional space and thus has a 3D shape." @en
- 'has 2D boundary' 'alternative term' "has boundary" @en
- 'has 2D boundary' 'alternative term' "has_2D_boundary" @en
- 'has 2D boundary' rdfs:label "has 2D boundary" @en
- 'member of' 'example of usage' "An organism that is a member of a population of organisms"
- 'member of' definition "is member of is a mereological relation between a item and a collection."
- 'member of' 'alternative term' "is member of"
- 'member of' 'alternative term' "member part of"
- 'member of' 'definition source' "SIO"
- 'member of' rdfs:label "member of" @en
- 'has member' definition "has member is a mereological relation between a collection and an item."
- 'has member' 'definition source' "SIO"
- 'has member' rdfs:label "has member" @en
